Issues in Hospitality Industry Essay Example for Free

Issues in Hospitality Industry Essay What are the main issues in hospitality industry? The issues were discussed at the last meeting of International Society(ISSC). Asking from the guest their shortage, they gave some problems necessary for them. Main part: Capital available, Emerging market, Technology, Travel permit residence. Capital available: Capital provides asset liquidity and enables the development of new hotels. Increasing institutional investment into the hotel sector is enhancing asset values and consequently lowering returns. Expectations of revenue and profitability growth are stimulating capital availability for new development. This environment is expected to continue as long as the hotel industry’s cyclical expansion continues. Signs of a cyclical plateau are starting to appear, and the implications of capital availability will be profound. Many factors affect the amount, timing, and availability of capital. In the US the fractured economic conditions that existed after 2001 eroded operating results and values over the ensuing few years, but this in turn set the stage for the current cyclical upturn. Modest potential for new supply, together with the industry’s high degree of operating leverage, have now made hotels highly attractive relative to other commercial asset classes. As a consequence, a large migration of institutional capital to the hotel sector was not long in coming. Investors have bid up hotel prices and bid down required yields to relatively low levels. The momentum of the hotel investment market has been enhanced by significant liquidity in the mortgage markets. Emerging market: The World Tourism Organization estimates that global tourism visitation (as measured by arrivals) has increased from 770 million in 2005 to 983 million in 2011 and is expected to continue to increase reaching 1,561 million by 2020. China alone is expected to generate 100 million outbound tourists by 2020 up from less than 15 million currently. As the number of international travelers increases, the beneficiaries (i. e. , countries and specific destinations) of international tourism will also change. In many cases, historically popular destinations may make gains in the aggregate number of visitors, but the proportion of total share is likely to decrease. A growing interest in â€Å"new† and previously less accessible destinations (such as Vietnam and China) as well as the strong growth of more traditional destinations (e. g. , Singapore) is driving this shift as well as more practical considerations such as location and modes of transportation. What is driving this rapidly expanding outflow of visitors? Among the leading reasons, travel is being seen as luxury rather a consumer staple at most income levels and as incomes in emerging markets rise, so does the demand for traveling. Regarding the increasing share of Asia it can be attributed to a large extent to the growth of China outbound travel which concentrates in Asia (in 2004, over 70% to Hong Kong / Macao and almost 20% rest of Asia) Demographics are also supporting this interest, again notably among emerging countries, where populations tend to be younger (as opposed to the western world where seniors and near seniors are the fastest growing age brackets) and the middle class is rapidly expanding. Awareness of foreign destinations through electronic images, the rapid acceptance of new telecom products and international branding/marketing has a direct appeal to this younger, more affluent demographic. The four BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) provide an interesting perspective of this demographic shift. Technology: The challenges of keeping up with the fast pace of technology is difficult and expensive. Guests can now use the Internet’s interactive reservation systems, and hospitality companies are sometimes criticized for the (alleged) large number of keyboard clicks required to make a reservation. The number of reservations made via the Internet continues to increase. Surveys in the United States show that currently 20% of all reservations are made through the Internet, and this percentage is increasing every year. With such high percentage of reservations done through the Internet, a hospitality cannot afford not being connected. If the potential guest cannot book online, a reservation will be made at the competitors web site. Guest-room Innovations Multiple telephone lines, interactive opportunities for ordering room service, and guest-room check-out are examples of amenities that guests increasingly desire, but that are very expensive to install and implement. Data Mining This technology allows marketing and sales personnel to find new ways to use guest-related data. (data mining: using technology to analyze guest and other related data to make better marketing decisions. ) Yield Management This computerized process allows managers to match guest demand with room rates (high demand means higher rates because of lessened discounts; low demand result in higher discounts. (yield management: demand forecasting systems designed to maximize revenue by holding rates high during times of high guest-room demand and by decreasing room rates during times of lower guest-room demand). Yield management is critical to maximizing a hospitality’s profitability. The concept are applied to every revenue department and across department. The yield managers job is to maximize the revenue per available room by selling rooms to the right customers, at the right price, at the right time.

Essay --

In the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, Mayella Ewell misleads the constituents of Maycomb about Tom Robinson because she knew the people would not approve of her actions of advancing on a man of different color. This event vividly explains the consequential aftermath of one race having feelings for another in the times of the Great Depression, specifically a white woman having feelings for an african american. She was afraid of what the townspeople would do to her, which was the main reason Mayella lied to the town of Maycomb. Mayella’s emotions gave away that she was lying during the trial. When Mayella was called to the stage, she said to Atticus "I got somethin' to say an' then I ain't gonna say no more. That nigger yonder took advantage of me an' if you fine fancy gentlemen don't wanta do nothin' about it then you're all yellow stinkin' cowards, stinkin' cowards, the lot of you. Your fancy airs don't come to nothin'—your ma'amin' and Miss Mayellerin' don't come to nothin', Mr. Finch-". If Mayella Ewell was really innocent, she wouldn’t have been as dramatic as she was while pleading her case. Mayella most likely would have told the truth with no wavering emotions. When Mayella was called to the stand she did this, â€Å"‘Him,’ she said, pointing at Atticus.† Mayella was afraid of Atticus during the trial because of the way he got her father, Bob Ewell, to give vital information to Tom’s benefit. She would not have been afraid of Atticus if she hadnâ€℠¢t known he could get the truth out of her, too. If Mayella had remained calm during the trial, she might have seemed a lot less guilty. Mayella Ewell did not admit to the truth because she was afraid of what the town would perceive of her actions. Atticus implied that... ...a white man harming a black man, the black man would be guilty of assaulting the white man. Thusly, there was little to no chance that the jury would believe anything Tom Robinson said. Mayella used the town’s racism to her advantage to get out of her sticky situation. In conclusion, Mayella Ewell lied to the citizens of Maycomb about Tom Robinson because she knew the people would not approve of her actions of advancing on a man of different color. She swore on the Bible to tell the truth, but failed to do so and told everyone Tom Robinson raped her. Even though Mayella clearly made that up and there wasn’t a substantial amount of evidence to prove Tom was guilty, he was still charged for raping Mayella because his skin color was different from hers. The moral of this event is to never judge someone by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.

Domain Name Essay

Browsing through different domain servers, I would suggest a well known and established company. I would suggest the use of GoDaddy. com. I have personally used the service and can attest to their customer service available 24/7 via telephone and live chat. The provider also offers free personalized email, DNS control and status alerts for the page. The prices are competitive with other companies with assistance in not only hosting the site, they will assist in the building and maintenance of the site. As far as domain name, at the time of searching the domain name of FreeFluShotsForElderly. org is available. I would suggest the use of a . org vs another due to the public misconception of their view towards the extensions. A normal individual may recognize a . org extension as a non-profit vs if it was a . com and not believe it to be non-profit. The name, while long, also would be easily memorable in terms of the elderly as well as being easily located with search engines as well. Another possible alternative is to continue with a purchase like this and purchase similar domain names along the same lines and with different extensions for a cheaper price. With the purchase of the additional domain names, you can reroute users from those sites to your â€Å"trunk† site that is being maintained. Not only would this assist with individuals typing in the wrong address, it would assist with people who are looking for different sites that are mistakenly brought to this organization’s site.

Human Emotion And Its Effect On Human Consciousness

The purpose of life, to some degree, is to seek happiness and to seek out other people to achieve that happiness. Sigmund Freud developed this idea, which is known as the pleasure principle, claiming to explain that the human consciousness and subconsciousness revolve around this idea. If someone is isolated, then they will try to alleviate that suffering in one way or another. Human emotion is reduced to extremely simple terms, unlike what they truly are, which is extremely complex. The idea of reducing humans to such a simple understanding seems unfair, but it carries a sense of truth to it. Every person on Earth is seeking for pleasure, and it carries truth because no person appreciates the feeling of unpleasantness. Isolation is a defense method against the world to seek pleasure and to avoid unpleasant feelings in life. Freud believes that everyone attempts to get away from things that cause us pain and suffering and that everyone feels suffering as a result of society, but the way people attempt to alleviate this suffering defines us as a person. Two people could be faced with the death of a close relative, but the one who alleviates his suffering through drugs is very different from the one who alleviates his suffering through burying himself in his work. The exploration of Freud’s ideas through different characters of the two stories, â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† and Ceremony, reveal that Freud’s principles regarding human nature are not the basis for all human life. â€Å"Sonny’sShow MoreRelatedReflection Paper On Psychology And Psychology999 Words   |  4 Pages1. Introspection is the study of one’s own conscious thought and feelings based solely on one’s mental state. It’s basically a stream of consciousness, an internal monologue that contributes to one’s own decision making. The idea was credited to Wilhelm Wundt, and his student Edward B. Titchener. Wilhelm Wundt was a German psychologist and founder of modern psychology who established the first psychology lab. Edward B. Titchener was a student of Wilhelm Wundt, who introduced structuralismRead MoreEmotion As Described And Theorized By Antonio Damasio1366 Words   |  6 Pagesthe particulars of emotion as described and theorized by Antonio Damasio. First, I will explain Damasio’s three-stage definition of emotion, and then apply this definition to an evolutionary perspective of emotion; more specifically, the evolutionary and biological benefits of an organism possessing emotion. Next, I dive deeper into Demasio theory of emotion, by distinguishing between his idea of primary and secondary emotions. By way of Damasio’s three-stage definition of emotion and an experimentRead MoreThe Human Body : An Intricate Construct Of Various Systems Working Together1380 Words   |  6 Pages The human body is an intricate construct of various systems working together to maintain life. The inner workings of the body are machine-like in their consistency and automatic natur e. The heart pumps blood, and the lungs transport air into and out of the body without our active conscious thought. These mechanical processes are controlled by specific divisions of the brain. The movement of the various organs at work for such processes can be observed and recorded with today’s technological advancementsRead MorePersonal Identity : The Vehicle Of Consciousness1384 Words   |  6 Pagesnot the vehicle of consciousness, but rather the collection of experiences, personality traits, and ethical beliefs, individual hold. I will show that though the vehicle of consciousness may be a substantial visual and sentimental sense of the self, it is not as necessary experiences and personality traits to the extent of personal identity being present and maintained through space and time. Who am I? Individuals have a sense of who he or she is. For example, I am a male human who is 20 years oldRead More The Human Brain Essay1341 Words   |  6 PagesThis surgical procedure called quot;commissurotomyquot; was pioneered by Roger Sperry and Ronald Myers in the late nineteen fifties. Initially they began experimenting with cats, and later proceeded to study monkeys. In nineteen sixty-one the first human patient was subject to this new procedure. The surgery worked well as a cure for patients who suffered from severe epilepsy and did not respond to anti-epileptic drugs. It was soon realized that patients who had a commissurotomy had some interestingRead MoreHuman Consciousness - A Portrait of the Brain1425 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Consciousness A Portrait of the Brain Through Theories and Discussion A hemispherectomy is a surgical process in which the brain of a patient is halved and one of these parts is then removed. The procedure is only ever carried out on individuals who are very young, as their brains are still flexible, pliable enough that the remaining portion will then take on the functions of the half that had been removed. Though this process is rather rare, only carried out when the child in questionRead MoreAn Aristotelian Theory Of Consciousness1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe idea of creating a synthetic consciousness has fascinated the human imagination for many a century. These range from the ancient Pygmalion’s Galatea, the mythological golem, Victorian automatons, to our more recent fancies- computers, robots and other Turing machines. Perhaps the reason for this preoccupation with artificial intelligence is actually a quest to better understand our own consciousness. At first sight, the question â€Å"Can a machine be conscious?† appears deceptively simple. HoweverRead MoreEssay about Definition of Psychology714 Words   |  3 Pages The term psychology comes from two Greek words: psyche, which means 1. The spirit or soul. 2. The human mind. 3. In psychoanalysis, the mind functioning as the center of thought, emotion, and behavior. And logos, the study of. or according to modern researches science These root words were first combined in the 16th century, at a time when the human soul, spirit, or mind was seen as distinct from the body. Definition of Psychology: PsychologyRead MoreAdvanced Level Of Technology And The Human Brain999 Words   |  4 Pagesintelligence and eventually out perform the human brain. The problem is not just a struggle between the human brain and the computer processing unit of a machine, but whether or not human engineering and programing is as good or better than mother nature and evolution is or will ever be. The race to develop artificial intelligence that is capable cognitive awareness ultimately turns into a battle between the evolutionary process of nature and the accelerated progress of human science. However, science and natureRead MoreReview Of Dennett And Picard 1006 Words   |  5 Pagesinterior results including the reactions of C-fiber and heart rate. After some trials, the program’s feedback output has all the descriptions of neurophysiology and mentalistic psychology. Now we have simulated the external and internal causes and effects of pain, but not the pain itself. Then the program is re written to output ‘There is a pain ...’. After this move, the quality of the pain is also added to the descriptions of results. However, we should aim the program to do, not to output descriptions

The Legacy Of The Civil War - 1755 Words

Times of war often debut new technology that shapes the future. Seeing as how the Civil War was known as the first modern war, it is appropriate to say that much new technological advancement was made. Behind every piece of new technology or idea, there is a person or team that dedicated their time to the development. When it comes to the Civil War aeronautics and much other future advancement, Thaddeus S. C. Lowe is the man behind it. Lowe was an integral part in the success of the aeronautics division of the war and paved the way for the world’s future success in many other fields. Thaddeus Lowe’s work was greatly under appreciated. He and other aeronauts proved time and time again just how useful balloons could be, but, â€Å"the work of Wise, Lowe, Steiner, and other aeronauts as observers should have stirred up enthusiasm for balloons as military weapons, but neither the Army nor the American public properly appreciated the potential of aeronautics† (Scamehorn 9). This never stopped Lowe from pursuing his dream. He fought to make ends meet by taking odd jobs so he could finance his education in physics and other subjects that would eventually set him up for his success in aeronautics. Through his persistent work, â€Å"at thirty years of age, Thaddeus Lowe had organized an aeronautics corps for the Union Army† something that only a handful of people wanted to see happen at the time (Military Intelligence Corps Hall of Fame). Having gained the support of a few key figures, LoweShow MoreRelatedThe Legacy Of The Civil War1556 Words   |  7 Pagesthan providing all the information in words, adding visual effects were a relief to the eyes. Both the American Christianity and the legacy of the Civil War led to the development of modern republican government. The federal government declared the Civil War. They waged it both in effort to end slavery and in hopes of reuniting the split nation. Following the Civil War, the central government withdrew again - the South, in turmoil and confusion, threatened to break up into riotous anarchy and the federalRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Civil War1827 Words   |  8 Pagesto preserve its institution eventually brought our country into a period of bloodshed. The obvious answer is that the war brought along freedom of around four million people in which altered the lives of Americans, however there is a great deal more to be said about the legacy of the Civil War. Even now, the war creates a lasting shadow that continues to impact America. The war transformed the political, social, and economic scene, and led to advancements in technology and health-care that createdRead MoreThe Leg acy Of The Civil War Essay1471 Words   |  6 Pages The year is 1865, Lincoln is dead, and through some convoluted, insane process I am now the President. God help us all. I am faced with the challenge of uniting a fractured nation, war-torn, weary, and directionless. For all the guff Lincoln gave about preserving the union, he did a terrible job. Yes, we are physically one nation, but dominion under continual threat of violence is precisely what our forefathers fought against in the Revolution. If I had been president, this would never have beenRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Civil War2375 Words   |  10 PagesAfter the following victory of the Northern Unionist over the Confederate forces in the Civil War, the current president of USA Abraham Lincoln had followed through with his Emancipation Proclamation this time of period was soon to be known as the Reconstruction era. Through these actions of Abraham Lincoln this had resulted in the passing of amendments to the constitution in which where 13th,14th, 15th these amendments had given African Americans the one thing they had been long aching for and workedRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Civil War2131 Words   |  9 PagesThe Civil War left the entire nation in disarray. Over six hundred thousand soldiers were dead, reconstruction was to be started, and the nation was further divided. During this time, Abraham Lincoln was the President of the United States and he was going to make the Union whole once again. His plans were cut sho rt however, by the tragic and sudden assassination at Ford’s Theatre in 1865. Abraham Lincoln was the most influential leader in United States history; his death impacted millions of peopleRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Civil War1508 Words   |  7 Pagesmore than 620,000 Union and Confederate soldiers were massacred. In only four years America annihilated the number of American soldiers killed in all other wars combined. America experienced her first full scale house division. The people were in such confusion, Reconstruction Acts had to be used to bring the country back together. Civil War introduced a split country, breaks of states from the union, the South denying rights to emancipated slaves, improving the lifestyle for African Americans, deathRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Civil War Essay1488 Words   |  6 PagesThe Civil War was one of the most bloody and divisive conflicts in United States’ history. While the conflict may have spanned over four years, its origins d ate back to the birth of the nation. The fracturing of the early political system on the basis of location, party, economic visions were the beginning of fundamental differences between the states. As the political, social, and economic patterns developed throughout the nation, the regional and ideological differences only deepened, leading toRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Civil War907 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil War was one of the most controversial periods in American history. As a result of the controversy, there have been many theories that explain the cause of the war. Most theories state the causes of this conflict arose from geographic, economic, political, and even social differences. Tensions over slavery had been building for decades, and every time a new state in the West was added, there was an extremely tense debate over whether or not slavery would be permitted in the new state. AmericansRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Civil War Essay1593 Words   |  7 PagesLloyd Garriso n describes few of many changes that occurred after the Civil War, including the abolishment of slavery and the African American being granted for the first time in history the right to vote. As the civil war came to an end, the United States began to establish an undivided nation. This era known as the reconstruction era is described as â€Å"meaning literally the rebuilding of a shattered nation. (verterans of the civil movment, n.d.) Reconstruction’s main goal was to reintroduce the SouthRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Civil War1422 Words   |  6 Pages​The devastating years of the Civil War finally came to an end. African Americans becoming enslaved and having freedom was a huge development during reconstruction. Freedom had important changes in African American lives, education and religious practices. Due to Abraham Lincoln emancipation of slavery, freedom became a reality for many slaves. The republicans had a great impact on the reconstruction of the Civil War by creating Freedmen’s Bureau, passing the fourteen and fifteenth amendment and

A Program For Encourage Diabetes Management And Prevention

Aisha Hanif Introduction St. John’s Well Child in Los Angeles has created a program to encourage Diabetes management and prevention. The program, established in 2008, aims to help patients manage their diabetes through weekly classes, educating them on maintaining healthy diets, self-regulating their blood sugar levels and creating daily exercise routines. The program at St. John’s follows many constructs of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM), a model that uses various stages and processes of behavior to implement change (Glanz, 97). Consciousness raising, the first process of change in the TTM, applies to the St. John’s program when patients visit with their physicians at the clinic and learn facts regarding complications that can arise from mismanagement of diabetes (PowerPoint). Action, a major construct of the theory, was applied to the program through the patients actively attending the weekly classes, and the maintenance stage was seen when many of the patients consistently attend ed classes for months and noticed healthy changes in their blood sugar levels, weight and blood pressure (Powerpoint). Another important construct in the TTM, self-efficacy, can also be applied to the organization of this program. Through this program, patients learned how to measure and maintain their blood sugar levels and eat a healthy diet; detailed steps on managing their diabetes helped patients build their confidence, allowing them to continue using these skills even after leavingShow MoreRelatedPreventing And Managing Diabetes, A Global Health Challenge872 Words   |  4 PagesRecommendation: Preventing and Managing Diabetes, A Global Health Challenge Diabetes continues to be a major global health issue and prevention is the best approach towards reducing its attendant complications. There are lots of concerted efforts globally to address this chronic disease and this has led to an increased awareness and better management of the disease. No effort, no matter how small is misplaced and every effort targeted at diabetes prevention and control is well targeted, since thereRead MorePaper On Type 2 Diabetes754 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States help people reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes with the YMCA Diabetes Prevention Program. This program helps individuals with prediabetes eat healthier, increase physical activity and lose weight to delay or prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes (â€Å"Program Overview,† 2017). In the program, a trained lifestyle coach guides small group discussion about behavior changes that can be beneficial for diabetes management through 25 one-hour sessions delivered across a one year ti me-spanRead MoreAmerican Diabetes Association : A Long History Of Research Support And Engagement1662 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction American Diabetes Association has a long history of research support and engagement. The first direct ADA research were awarded in 1952, and in the late 1970s, the ADA research funding was centralized into a program model after that of the National Institute of Health (NIH), with operational and scientific oversight housed in the national office. Founded in October 1994, the ADA Foundation was created to substantially accelerate the Association s ability to raise major gifts to directlyRead MoreDeveloping Outreach Efforts For Primary Care Providers Essay1720 Words   |  7 Pagesawareness about diabetes and promote diabetes prevention programs. Also, the grantee conducted site visits to the sites to discuss progress of the current work and plans and renewing the contract for the next grant year. For the amended contract, the 2-1-1 site will focus on increasing awareness about prediabetes to patients and providers focused on primary care. This work will include the distributing the AMA/ CDC Provider toolkit and the use of the CDC and risk test. †¢ The Diabetes team is workingRead MoreDiabetes Research Paper For Diabetes858 Words   |  4 Pageswith diagnosed diabetes accounts for more than 1 in 5 health care dollars in the U.S., and more than half of that expenditure is directly attributable to diabetes. According to Thomas Schlenker, (Express-News published Saturday, May 28, 2016), cost of diabetes for Bexar County is staggering, and is creating a burden on the community. Some of the costs of diabetes affecting at least 14.2 percent of adults in Bexar County include daily blood tests and insulin injections, progressive blindness, kidneyRead MoreDiabetes Awareness Advertisement And Its Impact On The Audience1332 Words   |  6 Pagesthe many major complications individuals who are diagnosed with diabetes are at the risk for.   With more than nine million Canadians living with diabetes, the prevalence continues to rise, putting young children and adults at the risk of being diagnosed (Egan Dinneen, 2014).   The lack of knowledge for healthy living, easily accessible fast food, obesity, and genetics can play a major role behind some of the causes for it.   Diabetes is a condition in which the glucose levels are elevated and theRead MoreObesity Is Prevalent Between Children And Adolescents In1177 Words   |  5 Pagesadolescent obesity include earlier puberty and menarche in girls, type 2 diabetes and increased rate of the metabolic disease in adolescence and adults. Therefore, the rate of obesity has increased in the American children in the last three years. The type 2 diabetes causes anticipated debilitating cardiovascular comorbidities. Some of the children have type 2 diabetes, which leads to dyslipidemia. Therefore, type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major public health problem, largely due to increasing obesityRead MoreChildhood Obesity in Saudi Arabia1348 Words   |  6 PagesWHO (2012),an obvious comorbidities correlated with obesity as; elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and diabetes type two, furthermore, there are additional comorbidities that associated with childhood obesity as; orthopedic and hepatic problems, skin fungal infections, psychological, social, and behavioral problems. In Saudi Arabia, diabetes type two is now the prominent form of diabetes in children, as per Summerbell et al.(2009), obesity in childhood is a key interpreter for obesity in adulthoodRead MoreDiabetes And Drug Treatment Of Diabetes799 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetes and Drug Treatments Diabetes represents one of the most challenging disorders facing the United States population. Diabetes can be classified as Diabetes Mellitus type I, Diabetes Mellitus type II, Gestational Diabetes, and secondary diabetes from other conditions. At least 90% of diabetes is type 2, and the complications could be avoided by carefully managing hyperglycemia, hypertension and dyslipidemia (Wilbur, 2013). Therefore, the healthcare industry is spending vast amounts of timeRead MoreDeveloping The Strategy For Children With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus1580 Words   |  7 PagesDeveloping the Strategy Every eighth person in the United States suffers from type 2 diabetes mellitus. According to the CDC, as of 2010 there were 26 million patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the U.S. (CDC, 2011). The problem has been increasing despite various proactive and preventive measures developed to reduce its prevalence. In order to promote and ensure compliance, it is important to clearly understand the factors underlying patients’ decisions for noncompliance (Peters, 2012)

Martin Luther King Jr Segregation Essay Example For Students

Martin Luther King Jr Segregation Essay Affirmative Action is defined by Websters New World College Dictionary as a policy or program for correcting the effects of discrimination in the employment or education of members of certain groups. The phrase affirmative action was coined by President John F. Kennedy in 1961 when he issued Executive Order 10925, initiating the Presidents Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity. In 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson issued Executive Order 11246. This order required federal contractors to take affirmative action to increase the number of minorities that they employed. Thus affirmative action was born. However, when Kennedy and Johnson established affirmative action, they did not intend for it to have the perverted and distorted effect that it currently has today. Such perversions and distortions include the hiring of unqualified workers, the causing of problems for groups it originally set out to help, and reverse discrimination that results in unfair standards into higher educatio n and the work force. The practice of affirmative action must be stopped. The main argument for affirmative action is that it creates equal opportunity for people in the work force and for students seeking admission into higher education. However, this is not a valid point. While affirmative action creates equal opportunity for some individuals, it discriminates against others, primarily white males. Therefore, affirmative action uses reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination. Do two wrongs make a right? The answer is no. The first reason affirmative action should be stopped is that employees often are hired that are not qualified to execute their jobs effectively. Many times employers are forced to find the best minority, rather than the person most qualified for the job. For example, a policy was adopted by Duke University in 1993 that required each department at the university to hire at least one new African-American for a faculty position (Pasour). However, various surveys and estimates show that less than 4,000 blacks receive Ph.D.s in the United States. This is less than two black Ph.D.s for every American college or university (Sowell). Therefore, Duke Universitys policy would force them to hire faculty that are not as qualified, due to a shortage of black Ph.D.s, as their white counterparts. The hiring of unskilled workers is also detrimental to businesses as well. The primary purpose of a business is to make money for the employer, as well as the employees. The hiring of unqualified employees is harmful to the businesss production. When employees cannot perform their specific tasks, it often leads to error, which costs the company time and money. If the business is continually paying for worker error, its profits will decrease, producing a decrease in employee pay. Many times companies are forced to hire unqualified individuals because of quotas. Often when a businesss quota is not filled it is forced to conceive unnecessary jobs for minorities, which is also decreases a companys profit. Incapable employees are a detriment to worker unity as well. If an employee is not as qualified as his or her co-worker, it may create tension and frustration between them, in turn creating another complication.. The second reason it is imperative to abolish the practice of affirmative action is that it often initiates problems for the minorities it originally intended to help. This is apparent in the work place as well as in colleges and universities. The first problem affirmative action establishes for minorities is that it places a stigma on groups who benefit from affirmative action, especially those who actually earn their position because they are qualified for it. Consider an employer who hires a member of a minority group on the basis of merit alone. Many employees automatically assume that the individuals appointment resulted from affirmative action. Thus, any employee who does benefit from affirmative action bears the brand of not being the best pick, but only the best pick from a limited group (Pasour). The second problem it creates for minorities in the workplace is the loss of spirit and vitality for their jobs. If workers feel that the sole reason they are employed is to fill a quota, they may lack pride in their jobs, which in turn hinders their performance. In addition, minoritiess problems due to affirmative action are not exclusive to the work place. Many college and university minority students also experience the conundrums of affirmative action. At colleges in North Carolina, black students recently stated that they were treated like affirmative action cases even though they were not. Professors, seeking to help, asked them if they needed tutoring or other assistance, already assuming the black students lack of qualifications (Pasour). The third, and perhaps major, reason that affirmative action should be stopped is the issue of reverse discrimination. Affirmative action uses rever se discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination. Discrimination against whites, in particular males, is just as wrong as discrimination against minorities. As are many problems of affirmative action, reverse discrimination is present in both the workplace and in institutions of higher education. Reverse discrimination in the work place is a phenomenon associated with white males. White male job applicants who are qualified to receive a job are often discarded for under-qualified minorities because of quotas set forth by affirmative action. In the most extreme cases, white males have been fired to make room for minorities. For example, the Northern Natural Gas Company of Omaha, Nebraska, was forced by the government to release sixty-five white male workers to make room for minority employees in 1977 (Sowell). This act is extremely unfair to white males and is a pure form of discrimination. Many advocates of affirmative action argue that affirmative action is a form of retrib ution for past discrimination minorities experienced. However most minorities entering the job market today were born after the emergence of affirmative action, in 1964, and have suffered little prejudice in terms of salary. Reverse discrimination is not only a great injustice in the work place, but it is present in admissions to colleges and universities as well. However, it does not exclusively pertain to white males in this context, but Asian-Americans as well. Therefore, affirmative action is not even inclusive of all of the minorities, but rather a select few. Just as the white employee has to have higher credentials to receive a job, so do white and Asian-American college applicants. Colleges and universities often have quotas set by the government, as businesses do, that ensure that they have enough minorities in their incoming freshmen class. An example is the admission practices at the University of California at Berkeley. A 1995 report released by the university said that 9.7 percent of all applicants were African-Americans. Of these 9.7 percent accepted, 0.8 percent of these African-American students were accepted on academic merit alone. The percentage of white students accepted by Berkeley totaled 36.8 percent. Of the 36.8 percent white students accepted, 47.9 percent were accepted on academic merit alone (Affirmative Action). Thus the number of African-American students accepted because of non-academic circumstances was approximately sixty times greater than that of their white counterparts. Another interesting fact that was included in the study was the comparison of grade point averages and SAT scores. The average grade point average for a rejected white student was 3.66 with an SAT score of 1142. The average grade point average for an accepted African-American student was 3.66 with an SAT score of 1030 (Affirmative Action). These statistics demonstrate the reverse discrimination against white college applicants due to affirmative action. In ad dition, many competent applicants are being refused admission, which is alarming due to the fact that only 27 percent of African-Americans graduate, whereas 66 percent of white or Asian-Americans graduate. Many people look forward to the day when employment and admission to colleges and universities will depend on an individuals qualifications and ability, regardless of the color of their skin or their gender. However, the United States has not reached that point yet. In order to reach this point we must devise an alternative to replace affirmative action, because as long as affirmative action is in effect there will always be racial tension. Such an alternative would be the strengthening of the intermediate institutions, such as community associations, schools, media, and independent social agencies, which provide the organizational foundation for collective development and effective public representation (Sterlitz). In essence, if the same amount of capital was extended to minorit y institutions, the minority society would eventually become more developed and give the much needed guidance to individuals, therefore enabling them to play a major part in society. Affirmative action was first introduced by President John F. Kennedy and President Lyndon B. Johnson. In the time since Kennedy and Johnson, affirmative action has been severely distorted. Both presidents intended for this policy to stop discrimination, not simply reverse it. However, as shown in the foregoing discussion, the problems of affirmative action include hiring of unskilled employees, the establishment of problems for minorities it was originally suppose to help, and the basis for reverse discrimination. .u75b7f35e0470ee9570d52a0a9912a674 , .u75b7f35e0470ee9570d52a0a9912a674 .postImageUrl , .u75b7f35e0470ee9570d52a0a9912a674 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u75b7f35e0470ee9570d52a0a9912a674 , .u75b7f35e0470ee9570d52a0a9912a674:hover , .u75b7f35e0470ee9570d52a0a9912a674:visited , .u75b7f35e0470ee9570d52a0a9912a674:active { border:0!important; } .u75b7f35e0470ee9570d52a0a9912a674 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u75b7f35e0470ee9570d52a0a9912a674 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u75b7f35e0470ee9570d52a0a9912a674:active , .u75b7f35e0470ee9570d52a0a9912a674:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u75b7f35e0470ee9570d52a0a9912a674 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u75b7f35e0470ee9570d52a0a9912a674 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u75b7f35e0470ee9570d52a0a9912a674 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u75b7f35e0470ee9570d52a0a9912a674 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u75b7f35e0470ee9570d52a0a9912a674:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u75b7f35e0470ee9570d52a0a9912a674 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u75b7f35e0470ee9570d52a0a9912a674 .u75b7f35e0470ee9570d52a0a9912a674-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u75b7f35e0470ee9570d52a0a9912a674:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Battle of new orleans Essay