The History of Income Tax in the U.S.

The History of Income Tax in the U.S. Consistently, individuals in the United States wildly race to complete their expenses by mid-April. While rearranging papers, rounding out structures, and ascertaining numbers, have you at any point halted to ponder where and how the idea of personal charges started? The possibility of an individual personal assessment is an advanced development, with the main, perpetual U.S. annual assessment law in October 1913. Nonetheless, the general idea of tax assessment is a well established thought that has since quite a while ago molded history. Old Times The principal, known, put down account of assessments goes back to antiquated Egypt. Around then, charges were not given as cash, yet rather as things, for example, grain, animals, or oils. Charges were such a significant piece of antiquated Egyptian life that a large number of the enduring hieroglyphic tablets are about assessments. Albeit a significant number of these tablets are records of how much individuals paid, some portray individuals griping about their high charges. What's more, no big surprise individuals grumbled! The duties were regularly so high, that in any event on one enduring hieroglyphic tablet, charge gatherers are delineated rebuffing workers for not having paid their expenses on schedule. Egyptians were not by any means the only old individuals to loathe charge gatherers. Antiquated Sumerians had an axiom, You can have a master, you can have a ruler, yet the man to fear is the assessment gatherer! Protection from Taxation About as old as the historical backdrop of expenses - and the contempt of assessment gatherers - is protection from out of line charges. For example, when Queen Boadicea of the British Isles chose to resist the Romans in 60 CE, it was in huge part due to the severe tax assessment strategy set upon her kin. The Romans, trying to curb Queen Boadicea, freely whipped the sovereign and assaulted her two girls. To the incredible astonishment of the Romans, Queen Boadicea was definitely not stifled by this treatment. She fought back by driving her kin in a hard and fast, bleeding revolt, in the end executing roughly 70,000 Romans. A considerably less bloody case of protection from charges is the account of Lady Godiva. Albeit many may recollect that in the legend, Lady Godiva of the eleventh century rode through the town of Coventry exposed, most likely don't recall that she did as such to fight her spouses cruel duties on the individuals. Maybe the most well known authentic occurrence that identifies with the protection from charges was the Boston Tea Party in Colonial America. In 1773, a gathering of homesteaders, dressed as Native Americans, boarded three English boats secured in Boston Harbor. These pioneers at that point went through hours crushing the boats load, wooden chests loaded up with tea and afterward tossing the harmed boxes over the side of the boats. American settlers had been vigorously burdened for longer than 10 years with such enactment from Great Britain as the Stamp Act of 1765 (which added expenses to papers, licenses, playing a game of cards, and authoritative records) and the Townsend Act of 1767 (which added duties to paper, paint, and tea). The settlers tossed the tea over the side of the boats to fight what they saw as the unreasonable act of tax imposition without any political benefit. Tax assessment, one may contend, was one of the significant shameful acts that drove straightforwardly to the American War for Independence. In this manner, the pioneers of the recently made United States must be extremely cautious concerning how and precisely what they burdened. Alexander Hamilton, the new U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, expected to figure out how to gather cash to bring down the national obligation, made by the American Revolution. In 1791, Hamilton, adjusting the need of the national government to gather cash and the affectability of the American individuals, chose to make a wrongdoing charge, an expense set on a thing society feels is a bad habit. The thing picked for the duty was refined spirits. Sadly, the assessment was viewed as unjustifiable by those on the outskirts who refined more liquor, particularly bourbon, than their eastern partners. Along the boondocks, disengaged fights in the long run prompted an outfitted revolt, known as the Whiskey Rebellion. Income for War Alexander Hamilton was not the main man in history with the quandary of how to fund-raise to pay for a war. The requirement for an administration to have the option to pay for troops and supplies in wartime had been a significant explanation behind old Egyptians, Romans, medieval lords, and governments around the globe to increment charges or to make new ones. Despite the fact that these legislatures had regularly been imaginative in their new assessments, the idea of an annual expense needed to sit tight for the cutting edge period. Personal assessments (expecting people to pay a level of their pay to the administration, frequently on a graduated scale) required the capacity to hold very point by point records. All through the greater part of history, monitoring singular records would have been a strategic inconceivability. In this manner, the usage of an annual expense was not found until 1799 in Great Britain. The new duty, saw as an impermanent one, was expected to help the British fund-raise to battle the French powers drove by Napoleon. The U.S. government confronted a comparable predicament during the War of 1812. In view of the British model, the U.S. government considered fund-raising for the war through a personal duty. In any case, the war finished before the personal assessment was formally authorized. Creating an annual duty reemerged during the American Civil War. Again thought to be an impermanent duty to fund-raise for a war, Congress passed the Revenue Act of 1861 which founded an annual assessment. Nonetheless, there were such a significant number of issues with the subtleties of the personal expense law that annual assessments were not gathered until the law was reexamined the next year in the Tax Act of 1862. Notwithstanding including charges plumes, explosive, billiard tables, and cowhide, the Tax Act of 1862 determined that the annual assessment would require those that earned up to $10,000 to pay the administration three percent of their pay while those that made over $10,000 would pay five percent. Additionally eminent was the consideration of a $600 standard deductible. The annual assessment law was changed a few times throughout the following barely any years and inevitably completely revoked in 1872. Beginnings of a Permanent Income Tax During the 1890s, the U.S. government was starting to reconsider its general tax assessment plan. Generally, the greater part of its income had been from burdening imported and traded merchandise just as duties on the offer of explicit items. Understanding that these expenses were progressively bearing on just a select segment of the populace, for the most part the less well-to-do, the U.S. central government started searching for an all the more even approach to circulate the taxation rate. Feeling that aâ graduated-scaleâ income charge put upon all residents of the United States would be a reasonable method to gather burdens, the national government endeavored to institute a nation wide annual duty in 1894. In any case, in light of the fact that around then all government charges must be founded on state populace, the annual duty law was discovered illegal by the U.S. Incomparable Court in 1895. To make aâ permanent annual expense, the Constitution of the United States should have been changed. In 1913, the sixteenth Amendment to the Constitution was endorsed. This change disposed of the need to put together government charges with respect to state populace by expressing: The Congress will haveâ the powerâ to lay and gather charges on earnings, from whatever source inferred, without allotment among the few States, and regardless of any registration or count. In October of 1913, that year the sixteenth Amendment was approved, the government established its first lasting personal expense law. Additionally in 1913, theâ first Form 1040â was made. Today, the IRS gathers more than $1.2 billion in duties and procedures in excess of 133 million returns every year.

Why We Needed to Invade Iraq essays

Why We Needed to Invade Iraq articles Intrusion of Iraq isn't simply to fulfill the egotistical mission of getting a firm grasp more than one of the greatest provider of one of the most significant ware the oil. America attacked Iraq not likewise on the grounds that it simply needed to gain the region and use it as one of the US domains. The truth of the matter is USA felt constrained to attack Iraq for philanthropic purposes. Our generational duty to the development of opportunity, particularly in the Middle East, is presently being tried and respected in Iraq. That nation is an indispensable front in the war on fear, which is the reason the psychological oppressors have decided to persevere there. Our people in uniform are battling psychological oppressors in Iraq, so we don't need to confront them here at home...President George W. Hedge State of the Union location, cited in Kurdish Life, 2005 It is as of now known truth that Saddam Hussein had been driving Iraq for a very long time, one would ever envision. His structure and style of administration had set off a major discussion even from the United Nations. He and his nation was ground-breaking to the point that Iraq was affirmed to be one of the command posts of fear mongers. All the more in this way, the US had assembled data and verifications that Iraq had been one of the nations where weapons of mass annihilation are made and kept. Nobody requested that the US start harmony to and from the nations everywhere throughout the globe. No body from Iraq called or asked for George W. Shrub to meddle and spare them from oppression. Ultimately, nobody requested that the US wreck or forestall any longer conceivable assembling of the weapons for mass annihilation. It was a self-announced activity of the US to meddle and take a lead alongside its partnered nations. The US has made it as its own duty to some way or another guarantee that the individuals any place they might be, Americans or non-American - are remained careful and shielded from any indications of psychological warfare, hardships as well as obliteration. It ought to be noticed that US is one of the nations who is consistently there to hel... <!

Business Research Method Research Proposal Reflective Journal

Question: Talk about the Business Research Method Research Proposal forReflective Journal. Answer: Presentation During the residency of the assignment, I found that this specific undertaking is extremely useful in extending my insight in the specific subject space and use of the equivalent in the functional life. This intelligent diary would investigate my own movement through the different learning objectives, while experiencing through appraisal 1 and evaluation 2 of the course module. The extent of this intelligent diary incorporates that it would concentrate on the basic investigation of my own learning procedure and keeping in mind that setting up the substance for both the appraisals. Any extra investigation other than the picked look into theme is outside the extent of this intelligent diary. Intelligent Analysis I have improved my insight during this residency of this course (multi week showing length) and I have effectively applied the ideas while composing this evaluation. During the primary week, I have experienced the inside and out examination of the subject related ideas identified with the task. I have done top to bottom web research and I have strived to increase differed information with respect to the subjects that would help me in making the task. During the subsequent week, I have discovered that the theme via web-based networking media examination is an intriguing one. I have discovered that there are both positive just as negative parts of the internet based life organize, which spurred me to do this task. During the third week, I have examined the diverse insightful assets and begun setting up the writing survey segment. I have listed the extension and the target of the writing audit via cautiously choosing the qualities. During the fourth week, I have done a near investigation of the writing from different sources. I have gathered the assessments from different creators and looked at the basic ideas. During the fifth week, I have effectively distinguished the potential holes in the writing concerning the point. I have discovered that there are a few holes in the recognized writing, which ought to be communicated transparently. This is the explanation I have recognized the potential holes in the paper, which can be tended to later on look into. During the 6th week, I have initiated doing the subsequent appraisal, which depends on the examination proposition. After cautious examination of the writing audit, I picked one hole in the writing, which I chose to talk about in the proposition. I found that it is essential to examine about the security penetrates of the web based life organizes that ought to be talked about. During the seventh week, I initiated on the presentation of the examination proposition and wrote down the avocation for picking the particular subject. I have additionally written down the targets of the undertaking. I additionally occupied with the cautious investigation of the exploration theme and recorded inquiries that would help me in understanding the basis of the examination. I have additionally utilized the procedure of target arrangement which I mastered during the course module. During the multi week, I have occupied with planning appropriate research addresses which would assist me with satisfying the exploration targets. I have made various inquiries for various types of research, for example, essential just as optional. During the ninth week, I have made reasonable defenses for the examination addresses that I have planned. I have painstakingly chosen the inquiries dependent on objectivity and hence I attempted to have a decent image of the objectives that my inquiries would likely satisfy. I have likewise focused on the plausible work results, which I have gained from my teacher. I have performed brief writing audit on the examination point which helped me to comprehend the foundation data. During the tenth week, I have initiated making the examination technique, in which I have attempted to focus on the attainability of the investigation. I have perused that there are various methods of directing examination, for example, surveys and meetings. I have executed instruments to make the procedure of the exploration. I have additionally comprehended that an example size of 60 would be fitting for doing the undertaking and ready to gather information from the members. During the eleventh week, I have fixed the examining approach which would be embraced by this exploration. I have focused on the straightforward irregular testing that I have learnt in my course module. I have played out this exploration on the web and disconnected sources. I have likewise done the information assortment procedure and I have utilized essential and auxiliary modes. I have found out about these information assortment techniques in principle and now I have applied them to rehearse by really remembering them for the information assortment. During the twelfth week, I have concentrated on the information examination part of the exploration. I know about Excel and henceforth I have utilized MS-Excel for investigating the information. I have additionally considered the confinements that are related with the task. I have meant to investigate the general accomplishment of the examination targets and I have attempted to relate the information investigation with the exploration goals. End This evaluation has hugely helped me to apply my hypothetical ideas practically speaking. It is fundamental to apply picked up information in pragmatic sense. This intelligent appraisal helped me to adequately address the various issues of writing audit and get ready business examine proposition dependent on the holes in the writing. This task has made me sure individual since I have utilized wide assortment of terms and ideas. I am certain that I would be effective in applying my abilities in my future undertakings.

Academic and Professional Statement Personal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Scholarly and Professional - Personal Statement Example The program will really be useful in furnishing me with a comprehension about the scholastic and expert order of helping other people in a proficient way and help me to pick up the compensating result of upgrading their personal satisfaction. I moved on from Hagerstown Community College as a Human Service Technician in 2010. Presently I am finishing my Bachelor of Social Work from Shippensburg University alongside a minor in Criminal Justice. My generally prominent and important experience was with the United States Army as a Staff Sergeant from 1991 to 2001. Filling in as a Staff Sergeant, I had the chance to work with my individual troopers, directors and officials of higher posts. As a Staff Sergeant I had the option to help other people and furthermore gain information about human rights and social equity simultaneously. Managing my associates gave me phenomenal relational abilities which are of most extreme significance in the field of social administrations. I needed to manage projects of various assortments and zones of HR inside the diverse military associations. I can skillfully deal with various sorts of correspondence gear as a result of my preparation as an individual from the sign corp. Subsequently, the hour of my alliance with the US Armed Forces helped me upgrade my insight, experience different military associations, develop my prescription organization techniques and improve my comprehension as to clinic al phrasing and shortenings. My involvement in the military administrations helped me in improving my comprehension about the territory of assets and it has served to clean my composed, verbal and relational abilities also. Filling in as a government work study competitor with Geriatrics and Palliative Care in the Department of Veterans Affairs, I had the option to seek after my profession as a social laborer and human right extremist. My work with the VA Palliative Care Community Living Center holds extraordinary significance in my expert life. This Center

Chemical and Biological Warfare essays

Concoction and Biological Warfare articles Concoction fighting is the utilization of regular or engineered substances to handicap or slaughter a foe. It is likewise used to keep them from utilizing assets, for example, rural items or foliage in which to stow away. Why utilize synthetic weapons? Due to their capacity to make mass losses or harm a foe with just a constrained measure of hazard to the powers who are utilizing the synthetic compounds. The starting points of substance fighting goes back to when people started to utilize weapons. Crude individuals utilized noxious darts and bolts to chase for nourishment and in fights between clans. A large number of years after the fact individuals despite everything utilize these heartless and destructive weapons with practically similar goals crude men did. The first run through synthetic substances were utilized in war against the United States was during World War I. American officers were not in any manner arranged for substance fighting. Nerve operators and mustard gas were utilized in this war. After the finish of the war, a bargain was marked in Geneva on 1925 by numerous countries to deny each country who marked it: the utilization of any suffocating, harmful, or different gases and bacteriological strategies for fighting. This settlement came to be known as the Geneva Protocol. Anyway this convention didn't deny the creation of these operators. Regardless of this understanding the United States, the Soviet Union and different nations continued delivering and loading heaps of substance weapons. They likewise improved their security against these operators. Since having a superior offense clearly infers having a superior barrier. In 1969, the United States halted the creation of every single concoction weapon. They additionally started to annihilate those weapons that had been supplied for a long time. In any case, in 1987, they started by and by to create those weapons with a superior technique for capacity: they filled the canisters with two relatively innocuous gases which join to frame savage gases simply subsequent to being discharged fro... <!

Case Study Should Couch Get Probation or Go To Prison - 1375 Words

Case Study: Should Couch Get Probation or Go To Prison? (Case Study Sample) Content: Should Couch Get Probation or Go To Prison?Students Name:Institutions Name:Should Couch Get Probation or Go To Prison?Sentence in a prison should have been the surest cure for affluenza in Ethan Couch actions that led to the death of four pedestrians. In the controversial case, the judge sentenced the teenager to a ten years probation in a rehabilitation center based in California. Ethan Couch reportedly stole alcohol in a warehouse and consequently killed pedestrians with a pickup. There is no doubt that the most appropriate remedy for this case ought to have been imprisonment because of the following identifiable four reasons; First and foremost, the association of American psychiatrists does not recognize affluenza as a diagnosis but the defense attorneys used it as the major basis of defense in Ethan Couchs case. Secondly, the manner in which the judge handled the case implied that an immoral character can be used as a mitigation against criminal cases. Thirdly, t he judgement set up double standards for both the poor and the rich as it implied that children from the rich families have the authority to drink and go ahead to drive (Hiller, 2005). Lastly, similar cases involving drunken teenagers causing accident to pedestrians were ruled in a different manner. In similar case, the defendants faced imprisonment of up to twenty years in prison. This paper supports the idea that probation was an inappropriate remedy for Ethans case. Instead, prison was a better remedy due to the above mentioned reasons. The paper discusses at length the reasons why Ethan Couch should be behind bars today instead of serving a ten-year probation.Affluenza is a term used for describing a condition whereby a child, essentially from a wealthy family possess some sense of entitlement (Hiller, 2005). This implies that they are often irresponsible and give lame excuses to justify their bad behavior. Generally, children from wealthy families indulge in alcoholism and othe r drugs. After confessing to drunkenness and manslaughter, Judge Jean Boyd should have sentenced Ethan for up to twenty years but instead ruled a ten-year probation. The judge essentially slapped Ethan Couch on his wrist for an obviously serious crime. Although the parents are to blame for an irresponsible upbringing, the judge seemed to support them through her actions. The association of American psychologists does not believe that affluenza is a diagnosis implying that it is not legally acceptable for use a defense in a court of law. Despite being recognized as a diagnosis across America, affluenza succeeded as a defense mainly because of wealth possessed by Couchs family. Later on, Couch violates probation rules and regulations after a video showing him taking alcohol goes viral. Drinking is a violation of probation rules and may lead to a sentence according to American laws. However, his familys wealth continue being an immune to his character. Couchs bleach of probation rules reaffirms the belief that affluenza is a defense especially for the rich.The prosecutors had recommended for a maximum sentence in prison for the fatal accident that claimed four lives but the defense attorneys argued that a rehabilitation was Ethan needed, not prison. The Rich have a reputation of escaping murder cases in America as long as they pay. Most suspects evade murder because they are able to afford hiring excellent legal experts. Having money guarantees wealthy people justice as they are often ready to part with any amount as long as they get away with their offences. The testimony by Gary Miller, a renowned psychologist who testified before Judge Jean Boyd that Ethan Couch was a victim of affluenza. He argued that the familys wealth prevented Ethan from learning what is right and wrong. At the time of judgement in 15th June, 2013, someone would have predicted that Ethan Could would land in jail. The probation remedy clearly demonstrated a failure in facing responsibility for such a serious offense that began with stealing alcohol to killing four innocent citizens. Couch is a criminal who should be in prison serving his term as we speak. In his wisdom, prosecutor Alpert Richard indicated in court that if the family continued cushioning Couch by its wealth, subsequent tragedies were inevitable. Research by Dr Luthar, a renowned psychologist specializing in the consequences of affluence demonstrated that. As part of her research conducted at the sub-urban communities of Columbia University, at least 20% of adolescents from wealthy families believe that their parents will assist them get out of trouble if they are caught in crime. Judge Jean Boyd reinforced this research in his ruling (Alarid Del, 2011).In a similar case, another sixteen years old teenager called Jaime Arellano ran a pickup into a group of pedestrians and killed four of them including a pregnant woman. The incident happened in June 2007 in the same district of Texas. The two cases in Texas demonstrate the manner in which a prosecutors decision in same cases is capable of leading to different wild results. While Couch Ethan who originated from a wealthy family got away with a mere ten-year probation, the poor teenager who was an immigrant from Mexico was imprisoned for twenty years. The two similar cases demonstrate how wealth influences justice and the manner in which wealth acts as an immune against destruction. There is no doubt, Couch ought to be prison serving his term as the facts of his affluenza case and the Mexican poor immigrant teenager were similar in all aspects. Both were charged with manslaughter and intoxication charges implying that ruling also ought to have been similar. It means that Jaime Arellanos sentence would have been shorter if his parents had money as his white counterpart.The manner in which the judge handled the case implied that an immoral character can be used as a mitigation against criminal cases. Essentially, the remedy set a pre cedent that bad behavior can act as defense against an offense as long as you can afford to pay the best attorneys. The use of probation as a remedy leads to erosion of moral behavior thus reinforcing irresponsibility. Children from wealthy families feel that they can get away with anything as long as their parents are rich. Ethan Couchs family arrogance is very offending that everybody would have recommended a life sentence to their son (Holt Taibbi, 2013). The familys attorneys demonstrated that Couch didnt have to be imprisoned because he was from a rich background. Only a few people if any would call the results of the affluenza case justice. Couch got...

You Can Write About Berlin Crisis Essay Topics and me Can Experience That Feeling

You Can Write About Berlin Crisis Essay Topics and me Can Experience That FeelingBerlin Crisis Essay Topics requires you to write about a serious problem, or lack of a problem, which you are able to confront. Since people and government authorities don't really talk about such things anymore, we can now find this problem and there is only one thing left for us to do, to write about it. Hence we write about it and like I said in the title, we wrote this because we are in Berlin. When the times get tough, and it is in crisis, so should we be brave and face it bravely.You might be wondering why we are in Berlin when our concern is about such a topic. What we need is such an urgent and pressing issue to get across to the public how this crisis must be overcome in a serious manner. Why are we in Berlin in the first place?Because there is nothing to compare to the genuine worry and concern of the citizens in Berlin, it is something that is unique and would be an inspiration for others as w ell. The city of Berlin seems to be experiencing a unique problem and everything seems to be tied together.My name is Michael and I was in the position to write about Berlin Crisis Essay Topics and I can relate with the people in Berlin. After all, they are burdened with such a difficult problem that they cannot even find time to consider such a most important topic. Let me tell you how I found this interesting. There was a problem and I was able to discover it because I was writing about it.I read an article entitled 'Ireland in crisis' in Dublin and I can see the situation where Irish citizens are in a genuine dilemma. When I think of Ireland, I picture the image of a prosperous nation that makes an effort to provide the people with all the goods and services. Now, even some may object with this but this is the reality of the current economic situation in Ireland.I also notice the pressure to resolve the current situation, which is something not seen in Ireland since its independe nce. When I read 'Ireland in crisis' it made me realize that for the people in the country, which is my country, no matter how powerful it is, it has to live within a very demanding predicament.They live under the real threat of being impoverished and everything is behind that crisis. Therefore, when I saw this article I said that I will go online and find the main thread that gives a picture to what is really happening in Dublin, and I went on to locate the article. Here is the gist of what I am saying.

How Evolution Explains Zebra Stripes

It turns out that zebras are not referees at the horse games as many children may think. In fact, the patterns of the black and white stripes on a zebra are an evolutionary adaptation that has benefits for the animals. Several different and  plausible hypotheses have been proposed for the reason behind the stripes ever since Charles Darwin first came on the scene. Even he puzzled over the significance of the stripes. Over the years, different scientists have suggested the stripes could either be to help camouflage the zebras or confuse predators. Other ideas were to lower body temperature, repel insects, or to help them socialize with one another. The Evolutionary Advantage of Stripes A study, done by Tim Caro and his team from the University of California, Davis, pitted all of these hypotheses against each other and studied the statistics and data gathered. Remarkably, the statistical analysis showed over and over again that the most likely explanation for the stripes was to keep flies from biting the zebras. Although the statistical research is sound, many scientists are careful about declaring that hypothesis the winner until more specific research can be done. So why would stripes be able to keep the flies from biting the zebras? The pattern of the stripes seems to be a deterrent to the flies possibly due to the make up of the flies eyes. Flies have a set of compound eyes, just like humans do, but the way they see out of them is much different. Most species of flies can detect motion, shapes, and even color. However, they do not use cones and rods in their eyes. Instead, they evolved small individual visual receptors called  ommatidia. Each compound eye of the fly has thousands of these ommatidia that create a very broad field of vision for the fly. Another difference between human and fly eyes is that our eyes are attached to muscles that can move our eyes. That allows us to be able to focus as we look around. A flys eye is stationary and cannot move. Instead, each ommatidium collects and processes information from different directions. This means the fly is seeing in several different directions at once and its brain is processing all of this information at the same time. The striped pattern of a zebras coat is a sort of optical illusion to the flys eye because of its inability to focus and see the pattern. It is hypothesized that the fly either misinterprets the stripes as different individuals, or it is a sort of depth perception issue where the flies simply just miss the zebra as they try to feast on it. With the new information from the team at the University of California, Davis, it may be possible for other researchers in the field to experiment and get more information about this very advantageous adaptation for zebras and why it works to keep the flies at bay. As stated above, however, many scientists in the field are hesitant to back this research. There are many other hypotheses as to why zebras have stripes, and there may be several contributing factors as to why zebras have stripes. Just like several human traits are controlled by multiple genes, zebra stripes may be the equivalent for the zebra species. There may just be more than one reason as to why the zebras evolved stripes and not having flies biting them may just be one of them (or a pleasant side effect of the real reason).

Essay about How Steroids and HGH Destroyed Baseball

Close your eyes for a moment. Picture you are a little kid on a baseball field playing the sport you love. Now picture twenty years beyond that point: you are in the major leagues and you are the best. It is a tight race to achieve the Most Valuable Player award and you lose by just a few votes. Come to find out the person you lost to is taking an illegal banned substance connected with HGH. You had the award you had been working for and dreaming of receiving stolen away from you. Steroids and HGH have ruined how many see the game today and not only that but they are causing serious harm to the athletes who take them. Therefore, these substances should be banned and made illegal in all baseball leagues for good. HGH†¦show more content†¦That statement is wrong because in reality all this drug does is hurt them. The article clearly states that HGH does not increase muscle, it just increases the bulk of the muscle. Hurting people isn’t what the game should be about. The game should simply be about players’ cleanly showing off the talents they have practiced their whole life to acquire. HGH should be banned from the sport for good simply because it does no good for the game or the players. Steroids are evil. They do much more harm than good, but can they kill you? Yes, they can and that is one of the risks you run into and need to be made aware of before taking the drug. Steroids turn people completely crazy and make them into a person they weren’t before they started taking the drugs. Taylor Hooton is a perfect example of this. Hooton was a high school baseball stand out in Plano, Texas. Hooton was loved by many and most people in his high school considered him to be a very likeable and popular guy. On the pitching mound he could always be counted upon him to throw strikes (â€Å"An Athletes Dangerous†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , par.2). On July 15, 2011, Hooton hung himself and committed suicide. Dr. Larry W. Gibbons, president and medical dire ctor of the Cooper Aerobics Center stated â€Å"It’s a pretty strong case that he was withdrawing from steroids and his suicide was directly related to that, this is a kid who was well liked, had a lot goodShow MoreRelatedDoping in Sports and the Current Issues for Management757 Words   |  3 PagesOnce and for all, I did not use steroids or any other illegal substance. (Mark McGwire) Doping in Sport and the current issues and challenges for sport management, how did it all start and what now? Sports in the world have been generating billions and billions of dollars for years. This money comes from sponsorships, media rights, and legal gambling. All of a sudden, out of know where several sports have been destroyed by doping. Doping has questioned the integrity of most sports on a global scaleRead MoreBeing an athlete is not an easy task especially when you’re constantly competing, throughout more1800 Words   |  8 Pagesthem with the law also being involved. Performance-enhancing drugs are substances that are used by an individual to help them perform better athletically. In many sports, steroids is the most popular and easiest of drugs in the market. In medical terminology steroids are often referred to as an anabolic steroids. An anabolic steroid is a compound that is composed of a group of synthetic hormones which is derived from male testosterone. It enhances the capabilities of a person’s body with physiologicalRead MoreEssay on Steroids Should be Banned in Sports2667 Words   |  11 PagesCurrently it is an estimated that at least 6.67 percent of high school seniors in the United States have tried steroids, which is 500,000 males between the ages of 17 and 18 (Anabolic Steroids). The pressure of steroids on teenagers is constantly drilled into their heads because they associate increased strength with perfection. Teenagers are under immense pressure to be perfect. Kids are pressured to do well in school, sports, and any other activities that they are participating in. Anything other

Hispaniola And La Espanola, By Christopher Columbus Essay

Hispaniola or la Espanola, named by Christopher Columbus after his landing in 1492, is one of the largest island lying in the Caribbean Sea. The island is divided politically into the Dominican Republic and Haiti. One island, barely a barrier and yet, two completely different cultures and two completely different nations. The island was divided as a result of colonization. While the French colonized the west part of the island, what is today known as Haiti, and the Spanish colonized the east part of the island and what is today known as the Dominican Republic. As a result of those two different colonizations by two completely different nations with different cultures, Haiti and the Dominican Republic became two nations. However, for two nations on the same island with similar ancestry and a similar history, the Dominican Republic and Haiti are in a position where they could help each other if they were ever a time help was needed. That is not the case. After colonization and they f ought for their freedoms, the history between the two nations turned bitter. Therefore, the political relationship between Haiti and the Dominican Republic is a tense affair between two embittered nations occupying one island. As it is, the Dominican Republic became independent in 1844, forty years after Haiti. Unlike Haiti, the Dominican Republic was colonized by the Spaniards. Given the fact that Haiti gained its independence before the Dominican Republic, most of the nation wanted to stay asShow MoreRelatedThe Background Of Christopher Columbus1361 Words   |  6 Pages2. Describe the background of Christopher Columbus. 150 Words Cristoforo Colombo or commonly known today as, Christopher Columbus, was a navigator, sailor, and a coloniser who was inspired by other sailors books such as, Livres des merveilles du monde (Book of the Marvels of the world), published by Marco Polo. He was thought to be born on 31st October 1451 in Genoa, Republic of Genoa, but historians haven’t actually confirmed this to be true. He was the son of two wool weavers named Domenico ColomboRead MoreReview Of Christopher Columbus s The New World 1605 Words   |  7 Pages3. Achievements of Christopher Columbus. 3.1. Finding and Colonising of the New World. King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I, the Catholic Monarchs of Aragon, Castile, and Leon in Spain sponsored Columbus’ first journey. The funding was used to give Columbus crewmembers, and the money to afford three ships called the Nià ±a, Pinta, and Santa Marà ­a. Columbus and his crew then sailed west in hopes to find an alternate route to the lucrative Chinese trade markets or a new Silk Road. After two monthsRead MoreChristopher Columbus, A Explorer, Sailor, And A Coloniser1711 Words   |  7 Pagescommonly known today as, Christopher Columbus, was a navigator, sailor, and a coloniser. 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The Cultural Theory Of Crime And Violence - 1515 Words

Defined, a subculture is a culture that exists within the main dominant culture of a society. Therefore, members of a subculture will have different norms and values to those in the rest of society, which in turn could lead to them being seen as deviant because of this. Youth subcultures provide members with an identity that sits outside of that assigned by social foundations such as family, school, home and work. Participants of a subculture often make people aware of their membership by making characteristic and symbolic choices in the way they dress, style their hair, what footwear they wear, and intangible choice in interests, dialect, music genre and meeting places. In criminology, the sub cultural theory emerged from the work of the Chicago School and its interest on gangs, and developed through symbolic interactions in to a set of ideas which argue that certain groups or subcultures in society have values and attitudes that are similar to those related to crime and violence. One of the most famous explanations to come from the Chicago school is that of Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay. Shaw and McKay studied adolescent crime rates in Chicago. They divided the city in to a series of condensed rings; they then calculated the misdemeanour rates in the rings, finding that the areas with the highest rates of crime and violence were those situated right in the centre of the city, with the rates dropping outward from the centre. They found that delinquency was a lot lower inShow MoreRelatedStreet Code : The Cultural Argument Essay990 Words   |  4 PagesStreet Code: The Cultural Argument The Elijah Anderson’s article, â€Å"Code of the Streets† is a perfect illustration for cultural arguments because it involves environments that are susceptible to learning a criminal culture; even up to a point of promoting that type of criminal behavior as â€Å"normal†. 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It claims millions of victims each year. There is not a specific cause to establish why domestic violence occurs. However, it has been documented that domestic violence is a product of physical, emotional, sexual, psychological, and any other forms of torture or torment that the particular abuser wishes to employ to gain control or power over their victims (Gosselin, 2005). Due to the complexity of this crime, many criminologistsRead MoreThe God That Failed Outlines The Historical Developments From The Ancien Regime Of Royal Rulers1060 Words   |  5 Pageshistorical developments from the ancien regime of royal rulers to the new democratic-republican age of chosen rulers and theorizes how this development has not been social progress as commonly viewed but instead marks a civilizational decline. 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Litrature Review On Cross Cultural Management for Business

Question: Write about theLitrature Review On Cross Cultural Management for Business. Answer: Introduction In the past decades, there have been increased social interactions that have resulted in cultural diversity. The cultural diversity in many institutions causes different behaviors of employees calling for the need of cross-cultural management to enable each person in a society to accommodate the diverse cultural practices. The cross-cultural management is essential in the global leadership as it enables effective management of diverse people with diverse cultural behavior. This paper is a literature review of an article on the development of cross-cultural management to the global leadership with emphasis on the culture and business, culture and MNCs, and culture and communication. According to the article, cross-cultural management and global leadership are interrelated and have a long history. The article denotes that cross-cultural management arose simultaneously with organizations behavior and management back in the 1900s and not as a result of the World War II. The early works of cross culture management consisted of identification of the theories that were capable of relating and making cultures relevant to others. However, these theories lacked sophisticated approaches for difference exploration of cultures. From1960 to 1980, cross-cultural management focused on the study of organizational behavior and management systems of other countries apart from the United States that had cultural settings that were perceived as foreign. (Weber 2016).After the World War II, many organizations mainly from America moved across borders in search of a market for their products. These firms sent expatriates to the overseas countries to oversee the management of those for eign investments by training the local managers; however, the management was not easy as in the mother countries as a result of the effect of local cultures, political, business, and legal system. There was a need to extend the American management techniques by expatriates who had difficulty in adapting to the local cultures and assigning of the local employees led to global leadership. This led to an organizational restructuring of most of the multinational corporations from the multi-domestic, regional and matrix organizational structures, thus required expatriate to acquire more skills that enabled them efficiently operated in those foreign countries. This led to the development of Hofstedes cultural theory used by current global leaders. Cross-Cultural Management Cross-cultural management refers to the process of accommodating and controlling differences cultural practices in an organization to allow mutual understanding among employees of the different cultures. Multinational Corporations are companies that operate in some countries with all operations done from the home country. Such group companies are always subdivided into four main categories that are: multinational, decentralized corporation with the availability of stable home country (Molwa et al. 2013, p.10). The centralized global corporation that tends to acquire cheaper resources on the availability of support that is more cheaper thus international companies that develops Parent Corporations technology, and the transnational enterprise that applies the three approaches in their operation. Cross-cultural management entailed research on leadership related issues and categorized into uni-cultural, comparative, and intercultural. The uni-cultural emphasize on the organizational management within a single country, for example, the German organizations that have provided dynamic knowledge on country-specific and culture-specific leadership. The comparative emphasize on the comparison of two or more countries for example in Mexico, based on psychological and the sociological perspectives that employee the cultural theories and frameworks to explore the perspectives Turkey and India. Previous comparatives leadership studies indicate large differences in the leadership style and followers behavior between or among many cultures. For example, the collectivist cultures people are more like to follow a leader than individualistic cultures, and leaders in the high power distance are more authoritative than leaders from the low power distance. Finally the intercultural research entailed the study among many countries and focuses on how an individual from one successfully or unsuccessfully blend with cultural differences associated with management practices. All these categories utilize culture as the basis of the operations since there is always the availability of numerous employees with a diverse background. Cultural differences tend to affect organization trade behaviors, therefore, changing the international trade practices that are much far different with the parent country, therefore require proper cultural management since they are always faced with difficulty in decision making, marketing problems and safety issues. Cross-cultural management requires applications of various theories such as Hofstede's model that entails individualism/ collectivism, masculinity/feminist/ uncertainty/avoidance, and power distance (Garriott et al. 2017, p.306). The approach provides various reasons of cultural behavior of employees from a different background, for example, in power distance cultures; individuals are always in love for power and always feel very bad when giving orders by other people. An employee from countries such as Malaysia tends to show great deference to those that are on the higher ranks of authority, unlike that individual from the low culture embrace discussion across all levels of participation. The individualistic cultures such as from the United Kingdom, express independence of employees in completing tasks while the collectivist cultures such as China embraces a lot of group work. With all these, it is evidential that every multinational corporation requires varied ways of management to succeed and this can only be possible when the company strikes a balance in honoring all the cultures. The reasonable way of honoring all the cultures in a multinational corporation is to create a community culture across all the offices, various lines of communication and a social media group that will link all employees from different cultures into a common mission. Culture and Communication Globalization of leaders forces the introduction of cross-cultural communication. According to the article, cross culture communication is the effective way of an individual executes communication behaviors that negotiate with cultural identity in a cultural environment. Culture determines the type of language being spoken and therefore influences the communication ability and style of the people in particular countries. Culture shapes peoples ways of thinking, seeing interpreting, and hearing (Oili Dong 2016, p.408). The difference in languages of different people in the same organization makes communication to be challenging as each culture offers a different set of rules and codes. Global leadership intercultural communication requires the acquisition of various skills such as mindfulness, behavioral flexibility, cognitive flexibility, tolerance of ambiguity and cross-cultural empathy. Mindfulness refers to the thinking process that enables one to process new information, new categories, and multiple perspectives. It helps one to be mindful of the subjective assumptions, emotions, and cognition. Cognitive flexibility enables one to compare multiple perspectives and consider a variety of frameworks. Behavioral flexibility refers to the individual skill of executing behaviors while tolerance ambiguity is the affinity to recognize ambiguous circumstance as desirable. Intercultural communication is divided into various contexts such as high-context versus low context, sequential versus synchronic, and affective versus neutral. In High context cultures such as Arabs, Asians tend to live a lot of unspecified messages, and therefore, nonverbal cues are essential in between the lines of communication (Lewis 2017, p.298). On the other hand, the low context cultures such as Britain have explicit and specific messages .Sequential cultures such as the United States tend to think of the time and embrace time as a linear commodity that requires proper management. These cultures are always business people and tend to pay full attention to specific agendas before moving into another one. While others such as Europe and Asia, tend to view time synchronically, as a steady supply that needs to be experienced in a moment and as a force that needs to restriction. These cultures view the time flow as the cycle with the constant relation of the past, present, and the future thereby influence how people and organizations of such cultures approach investment, deadlines and strategic thinking. Every international business, have specific practices and emotions, that majorly depend on the affective or neutral aspects. The individuals from the affective culture such as the U.S tend to readily show emotions while individual from the neutral cultures such as Japan tends to keep of restrain their feelings. These create differences in communication in a mixture of such culture; as most of the time, people expect confirmation n feelings and cues during the discussion. For example, if the communication approach is highly emotional, then direct emotional responses such as I feel the same way is best while when the communication approach is highly neutral, then indirect responses such as I concur with your ideas are more appropriate. Cross-Cultural Management Theories Several theories have been developed to explain the cross culture and the management of cross-cultural organizations. Among those theories, include Fons Trompennars and Charles Hampden Turner. Both Fons Trompenaars and Charles Hampden Turner identified about seven value orientation and classified culture as a mix of conduct and value design. Among the seven values identified include neutral versus emotional universalism versus particularism, individualism versus communitarians, achievements versus ascription, diffuse versus specific cultures, human versus relationship and human-nature relationship. The monochromic and polychromic cultural theory insist that culture have different insights of time, and time is the essential base on which all religions repose and around and which all events rotate. The monochromic culture insists on doing one thing at a time while the polychromic culture embraces the method of doing things at the same time. The Schwarz model developed by Hosted accounts seven basis cultural values that are: conversion hierarchy, intellectual autonomy, harmony, competency, and egalitarian. Implementation of Cross-Cultural Management According to Etowa and Debs-Ivall (2017) the transfer of cross-cultural knowledge, the creation of collaborative atmosphere, intercultural learning, interactive translation, cross-cultural networking, and development of competence are the major task that needs focus on cross-cultural management. Employees cultural awareness can be improved through effective cross-cultural training offered by the organization.The training focuses on the foreign cultures to enable each employee embraces different cultures that are available in the organization hence help the employees to have a mutual understanding. Additionally, training reduces the time required for the employees to understand different cultures (Alexxander, Havercomea Mujtaba 2015, p.16). Effective cross-cultural management requires the recruitment team to be ken during the employee selection to minimize future organizational grievance that might arise from the employees. Strengths and Weakness of the Main Article The main article has numerous strengths such clear explanation origin of global leader, and impacts of cross-cultural communications impacts to the effectiveness of the expatriates, like the Thurnau conference in Germany 1998. However, the article is still not definite with the definition of global. The term still does not comprise together all the cultural differences that affect the management of the international business. Strengths and Weakness of Cross-Cultural Management in Global Leadership The major strength of cross-cultural management in global leadership is the capability to foster innovation. Team members from different background share ideas that are combined to come up with a betters strategy, product, or service (Etowa Debs 2017, p.280) .Additionally, cross-cultural management help leaders to improve on their cultural awareness that eventually makes them to effectively manage people from diverse backgrounds. However, there is no identification of weakness of cross-cultural management on the global leadership. Literature Review Conclusion According to the above discussion, culture has different definitions across the world with primary references to the common belief and behaviors of a particular group of people that make them distinctive. Globalization exposes leaders to different business to acquire different cultural practices that at times cross one another; because of diversified values and communication styles. Therefore, the difference calls the need for the cross-cultural management. Multinational corporations depend on the cultures to shape the methods and channels of communications, which is the core of the daily operations of such business. Different models and theories such as Hofstede's theories among others have been developed to help such multinational corporations in managing cultures. The theories help the managers to understand the basis of the cultural differences and how the to tackle any busbies constraint brought about by cultural diversity. The main article has several strengths regarding the cross-cultural management in global leaders such as it provides the framework and development of global leadership. However, it does not define the term global concerning the culture. The cross-cultural management enables global leaders to have insights on how to effectively manage people from diverse backgrounds. List of References Alexander, V, Havercome, C, Mujtaba, B 2015, 'Effectively Managing Employees to Get Results in a Diverse Workplace such as American Express',Journal Of Business Studies Quarterly, 7, 1, pp. 13-26, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 29 April 2018. Etowa, J, Debs-Ivall, S 2017, 'Leadership and Organizational Commitment to Ethno-Cultural Diversity in Healthcare',Journal Of Ethnographic Qualitative Research, 11, 4, pp. 277-292, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 29 April 2018. Garriott, P, Faris, E, Frazier, J, Nisle, S, Galluzzo, J 2017, 'Multicultural and International Research in Four Career Development Journals: An 11-Year Content Analysis',Career Development Quarterly, 65, 4, pp. 302-314, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 29 April 2018. Lewis, GR 2017, 'General Revelation Makes Cross- Cultural Communication Possible',Evangelical Review Of Theology, 41, 4, pp. 292-307, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 29 April 2018 Mowla, M, Hoque, N, Mamun, A, Rahim-ud-Din, M 2013, 'Dynamics of Cross Cultural Management: A Critical Review',Abasyn University Journal Of Social Sciences, 6, 2, pp. 1-15, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 28 April 2018. Qili, L, Dong, C 2016, 'The Difficulties and Possibilities of Cross-Cultural Communication: A Case Study of the Global Development of the Confucius Institutes',Chinese Education Society, 49, 6, pp. 402-410, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 29 April 2018. Weber, O, Sulstarova, B, Singy, P 2016, 'Cross-Cultural Communication in Oncology: Challenges and Training Interests',Oncology Nursing Forum, 43, 1, pp. E24-E33, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 29 April 2018.

Developing an HR Plan

Question: Discuss about the Developing an HR Plan. Answer: Overview of the Company and its Environment Fresh Fruits Foreverwidely popular as Triple F -- initially started off as a partnership between four people, has now grown into a public limited company with a worth of over $150 million. As the name suggests, Triple F is largely based on the buying and selling of fruits and also offers a variety of fruit-related products to the consumers, for example, fruit juice, pickles, etc. Basically, Triple F is a fruit selling chain. It has gained so much popularity in recent years that it has opened numerous branches throughout the country. Thanks to the outstanding quality of the products it sells and reasonable pricing scheme, the company has been able to soar higher in ever target they set, with each passing year. Recently, thanks to the immense success of the company, people have been vying fruit market as a viable and profitable industry. As a result, various other similar companies have been established. To be precise, Healthy Fruits is Triple Fs major competition at present. While Triple F is the market leader, Healthy Fruits has been giving major competition to the company. Authorities have been in continuous discussions as to how to overcome the competition and establish Triple F as a monopoly in the fruit market industry. Environment in which company is operating in By further conducting SWOT(Humphrey, 1964) and PEST analysis (Aguilar, 1967), it can be seen that Triple F has an edge over fruit production, fruit juice making and other things over its competitors as the company has had a really long experience in the sector. Likewise, it has a specialist marketing expertise, a wide scope for market growth and favorable economic and technological factors. However, recent advancement in technology in fruit juice making processes and Triple Fs competitor cashing on it might be a problem. Apparently, the machine requires a huge capital investment. Triple recently invested in opening a new branch; hence, it currently doesnt have the funds to buy the advanced machine. This might be a problem as Healthy Fruits has been selling fruit juices and pickles at a cheaper price because of this. Companys Strategic Objectives A corporate strategy is a long-term strategy designed to achieve the ultimate goal of the company. They are goals understood as the ultimate aim and should be achieved in order to determine the success of any business or the competitive position and distinctive competence (Yeung, 1991). To achieve strategic objectives, strategic management, strategic analysis and strategic choices are made. The following are Triple Fs strategic objectives: Providing healthy and satisfactory services As a company that is very much interested in providing quality services to its customers, satisfaction in customers has always been Tripe Fs main corporate objective. In order to achieve this, the company has been constantly striving to provide good quality product to its customers. Increased market share Like any company, Triple F is also a profit motive one. Hence, it aims to be the market leader ultimately. Its rapid growth and increasing popularity in recent years have been a testament as to how successful the company has been to achieve this objective. However, it still has a long way to go. Innovation Triple F aims to set a benchmark and create a name for itself in the long run, in the fruit market industry. Hence, it aims to innovate. For a fruit selling company as Triple F, innovation means innovation in terms of production (of juices and pickles), innovation in terms of fruit sowing and production techniques, etc. Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate Social Responsibility(Watts, 2000) is an act of conducting business activities morally by being accountable to the society for ones actions. As an aware and responsible company, Triple F also aims to preserve society and not exploit the resources it has. Under CSR, the company aims to not exploit any o its stakeholder groups, cause minimum harm to the environment and conduct eco-friendly activities wherever possible. Potential HR Implications of the Strategic Objectives In order to achieve the aforementioned strategies, Triple F has conducted a thorough research and various discussions among its different departments and it is HR department, specifically, has been directly involved in the process. Human Resource, often undermined as a department only important for recruitment, is an important department in achieving the strategic objectives of any company. Human Resource Developmentas elaborated in the book Passion Plan At Work -- includes recruitment and training, career development and employee assistance and benefits; as HRs main responsibilities (Chang, 2001). The key implications include: Setting Goals and objectives for the employees Recruitment of people who fit in the company. Keeping employees motivated Having an effective communication channel The authorities set the goals. However, it is the workers who work day and night to achieve the set objectives. Hence, it is the responsibility of the HR department to recruit passionate and enthusiastic individuals who are keen on doing their jobs eagerly. As of today, the HR department has been pretty okay in selecting such individuals. But recently, there have been instances of customer complaints. Some people have expressed their dissatisfaction regarding the qualities of fruits theyve purchased. One individual has even gone far to claim that the chains are selling expired fruit juices and pickles. Another responsibility HR has, as a department is that it must be effective in communicating the changes Triple F has to grow through as an organization. The various changes that occur within and outside the organization have to be thoroughly communicated and the department has to make maximum efforts to prevent resistance in order to keep workers motivated so that productivity is at maximum and cost at minimum level. Triple F, like any other large and dispersed organization, has had issues communicating changes to its large groups of workers. Recently, when some of its branches had to be mechanized (only to an extent), there were short-term problems of redundancy and resistance to change. Recommendation of Specific HR Strategies While Triple Fs HR has been successful in achieving the companys strategic objectives to a great extent, it has been lagging at certain aspects. The most common one: being unable to effectively implement proposed changes. The reason for the resistance to change(Hede, 2001) could be the leadership style being used to implement the change. The HR department could conduct trainings and workshops to workers on all levels focusing on different leadership styles and that change is a natural thing this could help remove the hesitancy that the company has been facing as a whole. In order to decide whether the company should further focus on growth or that it should now focus on innovation and mechanization to avoid competition, the HR department could refer to Ansoffs matrix(Ansoff, 1957) and conduct Force Field Analysis (Lewin, 1943) to analyze the risks of each activity and then, come to a conclusion. Regarding the quality of services and the occasional customer complaints the company has been receiving, Triple F should find out the root cause behind these complaints. If this is a result of low quality products then, better quality checks and quality assurance standards should be established. If this, on the other hand, is a result of poor motivation level among workers, HR should take up measures to improve the motivation level among workers. This could include referring to various motivation theories such as Maslows Hierarchy (Maslow, 1943) and the two-factor theory of motivation (Herzberg, 1968). Furthermore, the company should start investing on what it deemed as innovationits corporate objective and strategy. For this, the HR should start hiring or look for expertise groups that are adept at food processing and production processes related to the fruit market industry, with meaningful discussions from the board of course. An evaluation should be conducted that should provide information that is credible and useful, enabling the incorporation of lessons learned into the decision-making process(Commission, n.d.). Conclusion In conclusion, Triple F has achieved heights and gone lengths in a mere span of ten years. Not only that, it has been growing in a really large and fast pace. In order to make sure that everything is happening under control and that they dont fall behind their competitors, Triple F should now take a step back and focus on innovation their corporate strategyinstead of only focusing on growth. By that, they will be able to keep up with the things happening in the fruit market industry. What is necessary is a situational analysis (Clarke, n.d.) that will help determine the current status of the company and what further steps the company needs to take in order to keep up with its initial corporate strategic objectives. To tackle competition, Triple F should focus on its initial objective of innovation so that Healthy Fruits no longer bears such a big threat to the company. This can be done by maybe increasing share capital so that the company can immediately mechanize all the branches to reduce costs and maximize productivity. In order to measure how the proposed changes have affected the companys performance and whether theyve stepped closer in achieving their goals, Triple F can resort to a few options. In order to compare their market share, they can refer to their sales. To know about customer satisfaction and content, the company could conduct surveys and ask customers about the changes theyd like to see in the services of the company. References Aguilar, F. (1967). Scanning the Business Environment. New York: Macmilian. Ansoff, H. I. (1957). Strategies For Diversification. Harvard Business Review. Chang, R. (2001). The Passion Plan at Work, California: Jossey-Bass. Clarke, A. E. (n.d). Situational Analyses: Grounded Theory Mapping AFter the Postmodern Turn, San Francisco: UNiversity of California. Commission, E. (n.d). Project Cycle Management Guidelines, l.: s.n. Hede, W. H. B. a. A. (2001). Resistance to organizational change. Bovey Management, 11. Herzberg, F. (1968). One More Time: How do You Motivate Employees. Harvard Business Review. Humphrey, A. (1964). Zurich: s.n. Lewin, K. (1943). Defining the Field at a Given Time. Psychological Revoiew, 292-310. Maslow, A. (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation, l.: Psychological Review. Watts, L. H. a. R. (2000). Making Good Business Sense, Geneva: World Business Council for Sustainable Development. Yeung, A. C. a. S. (1991). Ashridge Mission Model. Creating a Sense of Mission, 10-20.

To What Extent Did the Plo Represent a Shift in Terrorist Activity free essay sample

Firstly, it was the first hijacking where its purpose was not to divert the plane but to make a bold political statement. El Al was Israel’s national airline and was a symbol of the Israeli state. The hijacking also the forced the state to directly deal with the terrorists. Second, the hijacking influenced people on an international scale. The fact that the terrorists were intending to trade hostages for imprisoned Palestinian terrorists in Israel was shocking to the wider audience watching this. In addition, it was the first time a terrorist organization began operating regularly at the international level, leaving its home turf to attack citizens of a foreign country who, in many cases, had nothing to do with their struggle in order to promote their political cause before an international audience. Finally though the combination of dramatic political statement, symbolic targeting and crisis induced de facto recognition, the terrorists recognized they had the power to create major media events. We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Did the Plo Represent a Shift in Terrorist Activity? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This was significant in that they realized media attention meant power. This was the first time they were being heard by the world and that their cause was being sympathized with, which was a great stepping stone for resolving their problems. â€Å"When we hijack a plane it has more it has more effect than if we killed a hundred Israelis in battle,†. This encouraged other terrorist groups such as the ASALA, the JCAG and left-wing groups such as the German Red Army Faction to â€Å"internationalize† their political struggles. This showed the shift in terrorism from older previous terrorist groups. Terrorist groups such as the People’s will acted on â€Å"propaganda by deed† and thought committing acts of tyrannacide would attract public attention and ultimately weaken the state giving them a chance to attack. This was not so much different from the PLO’s actions in that they also wanted attention to their cause showing the process of a slow evolution of terrorism. By killing the head of state the media would attract people and spread propaganda, similar to the objectives of the PLO. However, the difference between the two terrorist groups was the PLO realized involving random innocent parties would infringe more terror upon the people thus causing a psychological effect where the individual has his own safety on mind as well as the terrorist group. The first several hijackings accomplished more for our cause than twenty years of pleading at the UN. This illustrated that involving innocent people had caused the world to awake and this turning point gave terrorism an international stage. Terrorism had evolved such that modern day terror was influenced by the likes of the IRA and FLN. The Irish nationalist cause through many years of violence against their British colonizers was finally recognized and they were given their independence through acts of destruction as well as political recognition later on something the PLO also followed which suggests a process of evolution was happening. The primary tactics used by the FLN, IRA and PLO were similar in that they involved hijackings, kidnappings, and embassy raids with the intention to obtaining publicity. Although the PLO used slightly different tactics in that they gained ransoms and imprisoned political figures of power exchanged for hostages; which is a prime example of the evolution of terrorism. Such terrorists blackmail forced governments to respond accordingly. While acts of terrorism at this time killed relatively few people, such publicity stunts put tremendous pressure on governments to respond responsibly since a wrong decision during a hostage crisis could have disastrous consequences and the blame was likely to land on the government. An example of this was the German response to the attack on Israeli athletes at the Olympic Games in Munich on September 5, 1972: eleven Israeli athletes (and eight members of the Palestinian Black September) were killed after a hostage standoff that ended in a shootout. While the West German government was not the primary target of the attack, the scene of crime was on German soil and the government was forced to act. This was an eye-opener as not only Germany but many other governments realized how insufficient their response capabilities were. . This clearly shows that terrorism was a process of evolution because previously groups such as the People’s will and the IRA were less likely to involve innocent citizens, whereas more recent terrorist groups were more willing. They saw the deaths of innocent civilians as martyrs in their cause. Although terrorism was a process of evolution there were differences that showed a shift in terrorism an example would be the IRA was given weapons and money to assist in their struggle. Independently wealthy individuals could also provide them with support. With the terrorists need for support, terrorism became a completely political effort and therefore it became a tool for political means. In this case media coverage may have been helpful in their success, but it was not needed as much as the raw resources required for warfare. The media would instead have its uses in recruitment and was more essential for groups like the PLO which suggests a radical shift in terrorism. It is clear from past events the year 1968 was in fact a watershed year but we cannot dismiss the fact that there are many similarities between previous terrorist groups and the PLO which shows evidently there is an evolution of terrorism. The PLO was influenced by groups like the FLN and IRA in that they shared similar tactics but the process of evolution had transformed the speed and ease of publicity. An example would be technological advances which made it easier for people to be aware of major terrorist activity. It is clear that the hijacking of 1968 enlightened many terrorist groups of pivotal factors in succeeding in objectives; such as creating major media events, symbolic targeting and international attention. This in turn influenced groups such as JACG and ASLA, which shows the importance of 1968 and the shift it caused in terrorist activity.

Sample Essay Nut by Robert Summons - Chapter One

Sample Essay Nut by Robert Summons - Chapter OneSample Essay Nut By Robert Summons - Chapter Nine: Writing a professional first person essay is the goal, and writing the rest of the essay will take into account your writing experience. Fortunately, you do not have to be a professional writer to come up with a well-written first-person essay.Sample Essay Nut By Robert Summons - Chapter Eight: An essay should offer a unique perspective on a subject by presenting a real-world example. Also remember that your audience will be more receptive to a first person essay if you can make the reader feel that they are personally experiencing your experiences.Sample Essay Nut By Robert Summons - Chapter Seven: Using reflective writing to create a short essay and creating a sentence that ends in a question. For example, do you know how to write a reflection?Sample Essay Nut By Robert Summons - Chapter Six: You should incorporate a story or idea to add an emotional connection to the essay. The key t o this part of the process is to think outside the box.Sample Essay Nut By Robert Summons - Chapter Five: Some strategies for preparing the essay, such as finding and using visual and audio materials. Also, find someone to read it out loud to and ask them questions about it.Sample Essay Nut By Robert Summons - Chapter Four: If you ever meet someone and you need to use a good direct quote, always use one that flows naturally. Use a simple point or a well-established theme that is present in the essay.Sample Essay Nut By Robert Summons - Chapter Three: Are you writing a first person essay that comes from a personal experience or is your opinion? If it is a personal essay, make sure you have a reason for including the author's name or a personal connection between the author and the reader.Sample Essay Nut By Robert Summons - Chapter Two: Even if your thesis is not that exciting, your essay needs to remain interesting and keep the reader's attention. Use different levels of detail, and also use your creativity to twist the situation.

Life Experiences and My Career of Choice essays

Life Experiences and My Career of Choice essays When my parents first came from India 30 years ago, my family shared a one-bedroom house with my aunt, uncle and their three children. Growing up while living in a small house in Daly City, CA with nine other family members, I learned very early in life the necessity of working with others. I grew up in a value system of hard work, team effort, and cooperation. These life lessons are some of the reasons I believe that a career in radiation oncology is right for me; it's a field where collaboration with other specialties is very important to the patients care. As a future radiation oncologist, I look forward to being a part of an integrated oncology team which will determine the best treatment options for a particular cancer patient. The specialty will give me exposure to oncology, physics, and medical biology. The field offers a nice combination of clinical work, treatment planning, and procedures such as brachytherapy. It is a part of medicine which has constantly advanced techno logy and an unmeasured potential to treat many different diseases with radiation therapy. But above all, I look forward to working with cancer patients and improving their lives by either curing their disease or providing palliation. My desire to improve peoples lives guided me to establish the first national South Asian community service fraternity, Delta Phi Beta, during undergraduate at U.C. Berkeley. As a founding member, I would help organize activities such as fundraising for earthquake relief to India and volunteering at local soup kitchens. I have continued to make time during medical school to assist underserved people. I evaluated and treated patients at the volunteer-run Clinica Tepati. Also, it was real pleasure for a group of my friends and I to help renovate the home of an underprivileged family in East Palo Alto through Christmas in April. I organized and coordinated the vaccination booth at the first Ulezi Childrens...

IT Security & Sarbanes-Oxley Act Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

IT Security & Sarbanes-Oxley Act - Term Paper Example Because of the original intention and the mandate of the Act, financial accuracy must be certified by the management concerned. Because of the provisions of the Same Act, the penalties for financial fraud have been made more severe. Similarly, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 strengthened the autonomy of external auditors who analyze and reexamine the accuracy of corporate statements of accounts and also bolstered the oversight function of the board of directors. Simon, Smalley, and Schultz (2009) divulge that the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 comes against the backdrop of serious corporate and accounting scandals such as the Enron, Adelphia, Tyco International, WorldCom and Peregrine Systems Scandals. These scandals had cost investors billions of dollars, following the collapse of the affected companies share prices. These scandals, together with their serious effects weakened public confidence in Americas security markets. The Act comprises 11 sections which range from criminal penalties to additional corporate board responsibilities. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 demands that the Securities and Exchange Commission implements rulings on prerequisites to compliance with the law. One of the ways the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 effects and constraints IT security section 404 compliance is by emphasizing a comprehensive understanding of internal controls, as a set of an enterprise's internal procedures, providing reasonable assurances that the enterprise will meet its target in all the specified areas. This is the case since Section 404 Compliance extends emphasis on not just historical financial reporting, but on internal controls also. Together with the rules spelled out in the SEC, there is a requirement that public companies' management should assess and report periodically, on the effectiveness of internal controls on financial reporting.

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) - Essay Example The Millennium Development Goals refer to a set of eight goals that were established in the Millennium Summit of the year 2000. Member countries, totaling 189 at that time, adopted a declaration called the United Nations Millennium Declaration. International organizations, about 23 in number, were also present in the summit and pledged commitment toward the realization of the goals. The eight goals, which were established at the summit, are to eradicate extreme cases of poverty and hunger, to achieve universal primary education, to promote gender equality and empower women, to reduce child mortality and to improve maternal health, to fight HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases. Others include to ensure environmental sustainability, and finally to develop a global partnership for development. The goals were established to tackle specific areas that were of general concern across member countries. The MDGs were designed in such a way that each goal is inter-dependent of the other. This is to say that the MDGs are linked together in such a way that one influences the progress and achievement of the other. The design of the MDGs is that all eight have a health nature in it, that is, all influence health, and health, on the other hand, influences them. For instance, promoting gender equality is paramount in the realization of better health. Reducing extreme poverty and hunger influences health. Healthy children are able to learn while healthy adults are able to work and earn a better living.

Issues in Hospitality Industry Essay Example for Free

Issues in Hospitality Industry Essay What are the main issues in hospitality industry? The issues were discussed at the last meeting of International Society(ISSC). Asking from the guest their shortage, they gave some problems necessary for them. Main part: Capital available, Emerging market, Technology, Travel permit residence. Capital available: Capital provides asset liquidity and enables the development of new hotels. Increasing institutional investment into the hotel sector is enhancing asset values and consequently lowering returns. Expectations of revenue and profitability growth are stimulating capital availability for new development. This environment is expected to continue as long as the hotel industry’s cyclical expansion continues. Signs of a cyclical plateau are starting to appear, and the implications of capital availability will be profound. Many factors affect the amount, timing, and availability of capital. In the US the fractured economic conditions that existed after 2001 eroded operating results and values over the ensuing few years, but this in turn set the stage for the current cyclical upturn. Modest potential for new supply, together with the industry’s high degree of operating leverage, have now made hotels highly attractive relative to other commercial asset classes. As a consequence, a large migration of institutional capital to the hotel sector was not long in coming. Investors have bid up hotel prices and bid down required yields to relatively low levels. The momentum of the hotel investment market has been enhanced by significant liquidity in the mortgage markets. Emerging market: The World Tourism Organization estimates that global tourism visitation (as measured by arrivals) has increased from 770 million in 2005 to 983 million in 2011 and is expected to continue to increase reaching 1,561 million by 2020. China alone is expected to generate 100 million outbound tourists by 2020 up from less than 15 million currently. As the number of international travelers increases, the beneficiaries (i. e. , countries and specific destinations) of international tourism will also change. In many cases, historically popular destinations may make gains in the aggregate number of visitors, but the proportion of total share is likely to decrease. A growing interest in â€Å"new† and previously less accessible destinations (such as Vietnam and China) as well as the strong growth of more traditional destinations (e. g. , Singapore) is driving this shift as well as more practical considerations such as location and modes of transportation. What is driving this rapidly expanding outflow of visitors? Among the leading reasons, travel is being seen as luxury rather a consumer staple at most income levels and as incomes in emerging markets rise, so does the demand for traveling. Regarding the increasing share of Asia it can be attributed to a large extent to the growth of China outbound travel which concentrates in Asia (in 2004, over 70% to Hong Kong / Macao and almost 20% rest of Asia) Demographics are also supporting this interest, again notably among emerging countries, where populations tend to be younger (as opposed to the western world where seniors and near seniors are the fastest growing age brackets) and the middle class is rapidly expanding. Awareness of foreign destinations through electronic images, the rapid acceptance of new telecom products and international branding/marketing has a direct appeal to this younger, more affluent demographic. The four BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) provide an interesting perspective of this demographic shift. Technology: The challenges of keeping up with the fast pace of technology is difficult and expensive. Guests can now use the Internet’s interactive reservation systems, and hospitality companies are sometimes criticized for the (alleged) large number of keyboard clicks required to make a reservation. The number of reservations made via the Internet continues to increase. Surveys in the United States show that currently 20% of all reservations are made through the Internet, and this percentage is increasing every year. With such high percentage of reservations done through the Internet, a hospitality cannot afford not being connected. If the potential guest cannot book online, a reservation will be made at the competitors web site. Guest-room Innovations Multiple telephone lines, interactive opportunities for ordering room service, and guest-room check-out are examples of amenities that guests increasingly desire, but that are very expensive to install and implement. Data Mining This technology allows marketing and sales personnel to find new ways to use guest-related data. (data mining: using technology to analyze guest and other related data to make better marketing decisions. ) Yield Management This computerized process allows managers to match guest demand with room rates (high demand means higher rates because of lessened discounts; low demand result in higher discounts. (yield management: demand forecasting systems designed to maximize revenue by holding rates high during times of high guest-room demand and by decreasing room rates during times of lower guest-room demand). Yield management is critical to maximizing a hospitality’s profitability. The concept are applied to every revenue department and across department. The yield managers job is to maximize the revenue per available room by selling rooms to the right customers, at the right price, at the right time.

Essay --

In the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, Mayella Ewell misleads the constituents of Maycomb about Tom Robinson because she knew the people would not approve of her actions of advancing on a man of different color. This event vividly explains the consequential aftermath of one race having feelings for another in the times of the Great Depression, specifically a white woman having feelings for an african american. She was afraid of what the townspeople would do to her, which was the main reason Mayella lied to the town of Maycomb. Mayella’s emotions gave away that she was lying during the trial. When Mayella was called to the stage, she said to Atticus "I got somethin' to say an' then I ain't gonna say no more. That nigger yonder took advantage of me an' if you fine fancy gentlemen don't wanta do nothin' about it then you're all yellow stinkin' cowards, stinkin' cowards, the lot of you. Your fancy airs don't come to nothin'—your ma'amin' and Miss Mayellerin' don't come to nothin', Mr. Finch-". If Mayella Ewell was really innocent, she wouldn’t have been as dramatic as she was while pleading her case. Mayella most likely would have told the truth with no wavering emotions. When Mayella was called to the stand she did this, â€Å"‘Him,’ she said, pointing at Atticus.† Mayella was afraid of Atticus during the trial because of the way he got her father, Bob Ewell, to give vital information to Tom’s benefit. She would not have been afraid of Atticus if she hadnâ€℠¢t known he could get the truth out of her, too. If Mayella had remained calm during the trial, she might have seemed a lot less guilty. Mayella Ewell did not admit to the truth because she was afraid of what the town would perceive of her actions. Atticus implied that... ...a white man harming a black man, the black man would be guilty of assaulting the white man. Thusly, there was little to no chance that the jury would believe anything Tom Robinson said. Mayella used the town’s racism to her advantage to get out of her sticky situation. In conclusion, Mayella Ewell lied to the citizens of Maycomb about Tom Robinson because she knew the people would not approve of her actions of advancing on a man of different color. She swore on the Bible to tell the truth, but failed to do so and told everyone Tom Robinson raped her. Even though Mayella clearly made that up and there wasn’t a substantial amount of evidence to prove Tom was guilty, he was still charged for raping Mayella because his skin color was different from hers. The moral of this event is to never judge someone by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.